2025 ICA Omnibus Survey Report

Prepared by Verasight

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Verasight conducted a free nationally-representative survey of 1,000 adults to answer questions written by attendees at the 2025 International Communication Association (ICA) conference. Data were collected from June 25 - June 30, 2025. If you are planning on conducting a survey, contact us.

1 Key Takeaways






2 Preferred Communication Frequency with Close Contacts

Consider “talk weekly” as weekly or more often.Think of the three people you talk with most weekly about your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Select the one statement that best describes your situation: (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
No one. I don’t discuss personal matters with anyone on a weekly basis. 14%
One person. I discuss personal matters weekly with exactly one person. 24%
Two people, not connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do not talk weekly with each other. 15%
Two people, connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do talk weekly with each other. 13%
Three people, no ties. I talk weekly with exactly three people, and none of them talk weekly with each other. 10%
Three people, one tie. I talk weekly with the top three people, and only one pair among them talks weekly with each other. 8%
Three people, fully connected. I talk weekly with the top three people, and all three talk weekly with each other. 15%

2.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
No one. I don’t discuss personal matters with anyone on a weekly basis. 11% 16% 15% 14%
One person. I discuss personal matters weekly with exactly one person. 20% 23% 27% 28%
Two people, not connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do not talk weekly with each other. 18% 14% 15% 15%
Two people, connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do talk weekly with each other. 14% 17% 11% 9%
Three people, no ties. I talk weekly with exactly three people, and none of them talk weekly with each other. 12% 9% 11% 9%
Three people, one tie. I talk weekly with the top three people, and only one pair among them talks weekly with each other. 8% 7% 8% 11%
Three people, fully connected. I talk weekly with the top three people, and all three talk weekly with each other. 18% 14% 14% 14%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
No one. I don’t discuss personal matters with anyone on a weekly basis. 24% 14% 5% 5%
One person. I discuss personal matters weekly with exactly one person. 23% 27% 22% 18%
Two people, not connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do not talk weekly with each other. 14% 17% 15% 12%
Two people, connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do talk weekly with each other. 12% 13% 15% 15%
Three people, no ties. I talk weekly with exactly three people, and none of them talk weekly with each other. 8% 10% 12% 13%
Three people, one tie. I talk weekly with the top three people, and only one pair among them talks weekly with each other. 8% 7% 16% 8%
Three people, fully connected. I talk weekly with the top three people, and all three talk weekly with each other. 11% 13% 15% 29%

Gender

Response Male Female
No one. I don’t discuss personal matters with anyone on a weekly basis. 18% 11%
One person. I discuss personal matters weekly with exactly one person. 27% 22%
Two people, not connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do not talk weekly with each other. 12% 18%
Two people, connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do talk weekly with each other. 14% 13%
Three people, no ties. I talk weekly with exactly three people, and none of them talk weekly with each other. 7% 13%
Three people, one tie. I talk weekly with the top three people, and only one pair among them talks weekly with each other. 9% 8%
Three people, fully connected. I talk weekly with the top three people, and all three talk weekly with each other. 14% 15%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
No one. I don’t discuss personal matters with anyone on a weekly basis. 27% 7% 7%
One person. I discuss personal matters weekly with exactly one person. 26% 21% 24%
Two people, not connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do not talk weekly with each other. 12% 22% 14%
Two people, connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do talk weekly with each other. 14% 13% 13%
Three people, no ties. I talk weekly with exactly three people, and none of them talk weekly with each other. 5% 16% 12%
Three people, one tie. I talk weekly with the top three people, and only one pair among them talks weekly with each other. 5% 9% 12%
Three people, fully connected. I talk weekly with the top three people, and all three talk weekly with each other. 12% 13% 19%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
No one. I don’t discuss personal matters with anyone on a weekly basis. 14% 23% 10%
One person. I discuss personal matters weekly with exactly one person. 23% 23% 26%
Two people, not connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do not talk weekly with each other. 16% 10% 17%
Two people, connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do talk weekly with each other. 11% 14% 15%
Three people, no ties. I talk weekly with exactly three people, and none of them talk weekly with each other. 11% 9% 10%
Three people, one tie. I talk weekly with the top three people, and only one pair among them talks weekly with each other. 8% 9% 9%
Three people, fully connected. I talk weekly with the top three people, and all three talk weekly with each other. 17% 11% 14%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
No one. I don’t discuss personal matters with anyone on a weekly basis. 11% 27% 15% 18%
One person. I discuss personal matters weekly with exactly one person. 26% 12% 24% 30%
Two people, not connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do not talk weekly with each other. 15% 10% 19% 15%
Two people, connected. I talk weekly with exactly two people, and they do talk weekly with each other. 12% 20% 8% 19%
Three people, no ties. I talk weekly with exactly three people, and none of them talk weekly with each other. 11% 8% 10% 5%
Three people, one tie. I talk weekly with the top three people, and only one pair among them talks weekly with each other. 10% 3% 9% 5%
Three people, fully connected. I talk weekly with the top three people, and all three talk weekly with each other. 14% 19% 14% 9%

3 Comparison of State Morality to Societal Moral Principles

To what extent does the morality between states (defined by conceptions of right and wrong) follow moral principles that govern people’s behaviours in society? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
They are totally the same 9%
They are somewhat the same 40%
They are somewhat different 37%
They are totally different 14%

3.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
They are totally the same 9% 9% 10% 10%
They are somewhat the same 38% 44% 38% 38%
They are somewhat different 44% 34% 35% 36%
They are totally different 9% 13% 17% 16%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
They are totally the same 13% 7% 7% 14%
They are somewhat the same 34% 42% 44% 42%
They are somewhat different 38% 37% 37% 33%
They are totally different 16% 14% 12% 12%

Gender

Response Male Female
They are totally the same 11% 9%
They are somewhat the same 40% 40%
They are somewhat different 35% 38%
They are totally different 15% 13%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
They are totally the same 12% 5% 10%
They are somewhat the same 36% 42% 42%
They are somewhat different 36% 42% 33%
They are totally different 15% 10% 16%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
They are totally the same 10% 8% 10%
They are somewhat the same 39% 36% 43%
They are somewhat different 37% 38% 36%
They are totally different 14% 18% 12%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
They are totally the same 10% 14% 8% 4%
They are somewhat the same 43% 26% 39% 40%
They are somewhat different 35% 43% 39% 35%
They are totally different 12% 16% 14% 20%

4 Confidence in AI-Enhanced Work Quality Among Colleagues

How confident do you feel about the quality of work produced by colleagues who use AI? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Extremely Confident 3%
Confident 9%
Somewhat Confident 21%
Neither Confident or Unconfident 26%
Somewhat Unconfident 15%
Unconfident 9%
Extremely Unconfident 6%
I do not have colleagues 11%

4.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Extremely Confident 6% 3% 3% 0%
Confident 7% 11% 8% 9%
Somewhat Confident 15% 25% 22% 20%
Neither Confident or Unconfident 21% 31% 26% 23%
Somewhat Unconfident 21% 10% 16% 15%
Unconfident 15% 7% 7% 8%
Extremely Unconfident 8% 8% 6% 3%
I do not have colleagues 7% 5% 12% 21%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Extremely Confident 5% 2% 3% 2%
Confident 8% 10% 11% 8%
Somewhat Confident 12% 23% 27% 29%
Neither Confident or Unconfident 37% 23% 23% 14%
Somewhat Unconfident 11% 18% 11% 14%
Unconfident 7% 8% 9% 13%
Extremely Unconfident 7% 6% 5% 10%
I do not have colleagues 13% 10% 12% 9%

Gender

Response Male Female
Extremely Confident 4% 3%
Confident 12% 7%
Somewhat Confident 21% 21%
Neither Confident or Unconfident 27% 25%
Somewhat Unconfident 15% 14%
Unconfident 8% 10%
Extremely Unconfident 4% 8%
I do not have colleagues 8% 13%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Extremely Confident 5% 3% 1%
Confident 9% 10% 10%
Somewhat Confident 19% 18% 26%
Neither Confident or Unconfident 32% 23% 21%
Somewhat Unconfident 10% 22% 15%
Unconfident 8% 8% 11%
Extremely Unconfident 6% 6% 8%
I do not have colleagues 12% 11% 9%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Extremely Confident 4% 2% 3%
Confident 9% 7% 11%
Somewhat Confident 19% 12% 29%
Neither Confident or Unconfident 24% 38% 21%
Somewhat Unconfident 15% 12% 15%
Unconfident 11% 10% 5%
Extremely Unconfident 8% 7% 4%
I do not have colleagues 10% 11% 10%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Extremely Confident 2% 7% 3% 3%
Confident 10% 8% 9% 9%
Somewhat Confident 21% 15% 25% 24%
Neither Confident or Unconfident 24% 34% 25% 27%
Somewhat Unconfident 16% 12% 15% 10%
Unconfident 9% 12% 9% 4%
Extremely Unconfident 6% 4% 6% 13%
I do not have colleagues 12% 9% 7% 9%

5 Social Media Influencer Followership

Do you follow any social media influencers? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Yes 42%
No 47%
Not sure 6%
I do use social media 4%

5.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Yes 60% 53% 32% 23%
No 27% 37% 58% 66%
Not sure 7% 8% 6% 3%
I do use social media 6% 2% 4% 8%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Yes 38% 44% 50% 37%
No 46% 47% 44% 52%
Not sure 10% 4% 4% 9%
I do use social media 6% 5% 3% 2%

Gender

Response Male Female
Yes 37% 47%
No 53% 41%
Not sure 6% 7%
I do use social media 4% 5%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Yes 41% 45% 42%
No 47% 46% 47%
Not sure 7% 6% 6%
I do use social media 5% 3% 5%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Yes 51% 35% 37%
No 37% 52% 54%
Not sure 7% 8% 5%
I do use social media 5% 5% 4%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Yes 37% 58% 45% 46%
No 53% 28% 37% 48%
Not sure 5% 8% 13% 2%
I do use social media 4% 6% 4% 4%

6 Potential for Misunderstandings in Conversations

Does every conversation leave room for misunderstandings? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Yes 40%
No 26%
Maybe 35%

6.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Yes 49% 40% 36% 35%
No 20% 31% 25% 24%
Maybe 31% 29% 38% 42%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Yes 34% 38% 48% 52%
No 28% 26% 24% 18%
Maybe 38% 36% 28% 30%

Gender

Response Male Female
Yes 40% 39%
No 27% 25%
Maybe 32% 37%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Yes 38% 41% 41%
No 30% 20% 25%
Maybe 32% 39% 34%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Yes 40% 30% 45%
No 25% 30% 24%
Maybe 35% 40% 31%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Yes 40% 34% 41% 41%
No 26% 34% 24% 20%
Maybe 34% 31% 35% 39%

7 Engagement in Political Discussion on Social Media

Do you engage in political discussion on social media? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Yes, often 8%
Yes, occasionally 33%
No 40%
Never 16%
I don’t use social media 2%

7.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Yes, often 9% 10% 6% 7%
Yes, occasionally 34% 31% 32% 36%
No 36% 43% 44% 36%
Never 20% 15% 16% 15%
I don’t use social media 0% 1% 2% 6%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Yes, often 5% 9% 13% 6%
Yes, occasionally 29% 32% 37% 42%
No 44% 42% 30% 38%
Never 20% 15% 19% 9%
I don’t use social media 1% 2% 1% 5%

Gender

Response Male Female
Yes, often 12% 5%
Yes, occasionally 35% 31%
No 37% 44%
Never 15% 18%
I don’t use social media 2% 2%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Yes, often 7% 7% 10%
Yes, occasionally 30% 34% 36%
No 44% 43% 34%
Never 17% 16% 17%
I don’t use social media 2% 0% 3%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Yes, often 12% 4% 7%
Yes, occasionally 37% 21% 36%
No 36% 48% 41%
Never 13% 26% 15%
I don’t use social media 3% 2% 1%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Yes, often 10% 8% 4% 9%
Yes, occasionally 33% 33% 33% 34%
No 40% 37% 44% 39%
Never 16% 18% 18% 13%
I don’t use social media 2% 4% 1% 4%

8 Frequency of Generative AI Application Usage

How frequently do you use generative AI applications (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Grok, or similar tools)? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Multiple times per day 13%
Once per day 6%
Several times per week 17%
Once per week 6%
Several times per month 8%
Less often 20%
Never 30%

8.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Multiple times per day 22% 15% 10% 6%
Once per day 7% 10% 2% 2%
Several times per week 19% 20% 13% 13%
Once per week 6% 6% 10% 3%
Several times per month 9% 7% 8% 10%
Less often 16% 19% 25% 20%
Never 20% 22% 32% 46%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Multiple times per day 14% 13% 10% 16%
Once per day 3% 7% 9% 7%
Several times per week 12% 19% 18% 18%
Once per week 6% 7% 7% 5%
Several times per month 5% 11% 6% 5%
Less often 23% 18% 20% 20%
Never 37% 25% 30% 30%

Gender

Response Male Female
Multiple times per day 16% 11%
Once per day 7% 5%
Several times per week 15% 18%
Once per week 6% 6%
Several times per month 10% 6%
Less often 18% 23%
Never 28% 31%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Multiple times per day 15% 11% 12%
Once per day 6% 5% 7%
Several times per week 12% 17% 21%
Once per week 5% 8% 6%
Several times per month 9% 8% 7%
Less often 21% 14% 23%
Never 31% 37% 23%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Multiple times per day 13% 16% 12%
Once per day 7% 4% 6%
Several times per week 18% 15% 16%
Once per week 6% 8% 6%
Several times per month 8% 4% 10%
Less often 21% 19% 20%
Never 27% 34% 30%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Multiple times per day 9% 19% 14% 24%
Once per day 5% 5% 7% 10%
Several times per week 16% 20% 16% 17%
Once per week 6% 6% 10% 4%
Several times per month 9% 3% 11% 6%
Less often 22% 24% 16% 14%
Never 33% 24% 25% 25%

9 Perceptions of AI Impact on Job Security

Do you think AI will replace your job? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Yes 7%
No 49%
Maybe 18%
I’m not currently working 26%

9.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Yes 9% 10% 7% 1%
No 45% 58% 51% 38%
Maybe 29% 21% 16% 5%
I’m not currently working 17% 11% 26% 56%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Yes 5% 8% 8% 6%
No 44% 54% 45% 52%
Maybe 12% 19% 21% 22%
I’m not currently working 39% 20% 26% 21%

Gender

Response Male Female
Yes 10% 5%
No 52% 46%
Maybe 16% 19%
I’m not currently working 22% 30%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Yes 7% 4% 8%
No 48% 42% 56%
Maybe 17% 19% 17%
I’m not currently working 28% 35% 19%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Yes 7% 6% 7%
No 48% 48% 51%
Maybe 18% 20% 16%
I’m not currently working 27% 26% 25%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Yes 6% 8% 7% 10%
No 51% 45% 50% 40%
Maybe 13% 19% 21% 35%
I’m not currently working 30% 28% 21% 14%

10 Public Agreement on Moral vs. Practical Framing of Political Issues

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Political issues today are discussed too often in moral terms and not enough in practical terms. (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Strongly disagree 5%
Disagree 8%
Somewhat disagree 10%
Neither agree nor disagree 28%
Somewhat agree 28%
Agree 12%
Strongly agree 10%

10.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Strongly disagree 6% 5% 5% 4%
Disagree 8% 6% 7% 11%
Somewhat disagree 13% 8% 8% 10%
Neither agree nor disagree 33% 29% 27% 21%
Somewhat agree 24% 33% 26% 26%
Agree 9% 9% 14% 17%
Strongly agree 6% 9% 14% 10%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Strongly disagree 3% 5% 4% 10%
Disagree 7% 10% 5% 8%
Somewhat disagree 11% 9% 8% 8%
Neither agree nor disagree 37% 25% 23% 21%
Somewhat agree 21% 31% 35% 27%
Agree 11% 9% 15% 20%
Strongly agree 10% 10% 11% 6%

Gender

Response Male Female
Strongly disagree 5% 5%
Disagree 7% 9%
Somewhat disagree 9% 10%
Neither agree nor disagree 23% 32%
Somewhat agree 32% 25%
Agree 13% 11%
Strongly agree 11% 9%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Strongly disagree 4% 5% 6%
Disagree 7% 7% 10%
Somewhat disagree 6% 13% 11%
Neither agree nor disagree 35% 29% 19%
Somewhat agree 27% 26% 30%
Agree 12% 11% 13%
Strongly agree 10% 9% 10%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Strongly disagree 7% 3% 4%
Disagree 8% 7% 8%
Somewhat disagree 12% 5% 9%
Neither agree nor disagree 27% 43% 20%
Somewhat agree 24% 29% 32%
Agree 11% 5% 17%
Strongly agree 10% 8% 10%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Strongly disagree 6% 6% 2% 5%
Disagree 8% 11% 4% 10%
Somewhat disagree 10% 8% 13% 4%
Neither agree nor disagree 24% 36% 36% 27%
Somewhat agree 30% 19% 29% 28%
Agree 12% 11% 10% 19%
Strongly agree 11% 8% 8% 8%

11 Experiment: Responsibility for Pollution in Minority and Low-Income Neighborhoods

Response Options Set A

In the most polluted neighborhoods in the US, most residents are racial minorities or low income. Who do you believe is most responsible for creating this pattern? (N = 490)
Response Percent
Government 45%
Corporations 34%
Residents 21%

Response Options Set B

In the most polluted neighborhoods in the US, most residents are racial minorities or low income. Who do you believe is most responsible for creating this pattern? (N = 510)
Response Percent
Government 39%
Corporations 31%
Individuals 30%

11.1 Crosstabs

Note: Differential treatment effects may not be statistically significant. Researchers are provided with raw data to explore findings.

Response Options Set A Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Government 58% 48% 48% 26%
Corporations 37% 32% 25% 43%
Residents 5% 20% 27% 31%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Government 50% 44% 30% 54%
Corporations 33% 32% 42% 31%
Residents 16% 23% 28% 15%

Gender

Response Male Female
Government 39% 51%
Corporations 37% 31%
Residents 24% 19%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Government 46% 54% 40%
Corporations 31% 28% 40%
Residents 23% 17% 21%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Government 53% 47% 36%
Corporations 39% 33% 29%
Residents 8% 21% 35%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Government 40% 58% 51% 48%
Corporations 34% 34% 35% 34%
Residents 27% 8% 15% 17%

Response Options Set B Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Government 36% 45% 45% 27%
Corporations 33% 27% 27% 37%
Individuals 31% 28% 27% 36%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Government 43% 41% 28% 34%
Corporations 27% 30% 40% 34%
Individuals 30% 29% 32% 32%

Gender

Response Male Female
Government 34% 43%
Corporations 36% 26%
Individuals 30% 31%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Government 43% 38% 35%
Corporations 25% 31% 37%
Individuals 32% 30% 29%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Government 43% 41% 33%
Corporations 37% 24% 27%
Individuals 20% 35% 40%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Government 30% 52% 51% 52%
Corporations 36% 24% 24% 21%
Individuals 34% 24% 25% 28%

12 Alignment of Influencers with Personal Lifestyle and Identity

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is important to me that the content creators and influencers I follow represent my lifestyle and identity. (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Strongly agree 8%
Agree 13%
Somewhat agree 16%
Neither agree nor disagree 20%
Somewhat disagree 6%
Disagree 6%
Strongly disagree 4%
I don’t use social media 3%
I use social media but don’t follow influencers 24%

12.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Strongly agree 12% 6% 10% 5%
Agree 19% 12% 9% 11%
Somewhat agree 21% 20% 10% 14%
Neither agree nor disagree 21% 23% 23% 13%
Somewhat disagree 5% 7% 6% 4%
Disagree 6% 6% 6% 5%
Strongly disagree 1% 5% 7% 2%
I don’t use social media 0% 2% 4% 7%
I use social media but don’t follow influencers 14% 19% 25% 39%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Strongly agree 8% 7% 6% 14%
Agree 10% 14% 15% 12%
Somewhat agree 14% 17% 25% 10%
Neither agree nor disagree 29% 20% 11% 12%
Somewhat disagree 5% 6% 5% 9%
Disagree 5% 6% 5% 7%
Strongly disagree 5% 4% 2% 4%
I don’t use social media 1% 4% 2% 5%
I use social media but don’t follow influencers 23% 23% 28% 28%

Gender

Response Male Female
Strongly agree 8% 9%
Agree 10% 14%
Somewhat agree 16% 17%
Neither agree nor disagree 21% 20%
Somewhat disagree 5% 6%
Disagree 7% 5%
Strongly disagree 4% 4%
I don’t use social media 4% 2%
I use social media but don’t follow influencers 25% 23%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Strongly agree 9% 7% 8%
Agree 12% 12% 14%
Somewhat agree 15% 19% 16%
Neither agree nor disagree 30% 18% 12%
Somewhat disagree 5% 4% 8%
Disagree 5% 7% 6%
Strongly disagree 5% 2% 4%
I don’t use social media 1% 1% 7%
I use social media but don’t follow influencers 19% 29% 26%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Strongly agree 11% 4% 8%
Agree 16% 7% 11%
Somewhat agree 17% 9% 20%
Neither agree nor disagree 18% 35% 15%
Somewhat disagree 6% 5% 6%
Disagree 5% 7% 6%
Strongly disagree 3% 6% 4%
I don’t use social media 4% 1% 3%
I use social media but don’t follow influencers 21% 25% 27%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Strongly agree 6% 20% 9% 5%
Agree 12% 14% 14% 11%
Somewhat agree 17% 12% 18% 18%
Neither agree nor disagree 17% 25% 20% 32%
Somewhat disagree 6% 10% 5% 2%
Disagree 6% 8% 6% 4%
Strongly disagree 4% 3% 5% 2%
I don’t use social media 4% 0% 0% 5%
I use social media but don’t follow influencers 28% 10% 23% 21%

13 Primary Sources of Health Advice for Parents

If you are a parent, what is the first source of information you turn to for advice related to your children’s health and well-being? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Doctor or pediatrician 39%
Friends or family 18%
Search engines (e.g. Google) 9%
Social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) 4%
Forums/discussion boards (e.g. Reddit) 2%
AI powered chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT) 1%
I’m not a parent 26%

13.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Doctor or pediatrician 28% 39% 36% 53%
Friends or family 10% 19% 21% 21%
Search engines (e.g. Google) 8% 8% 14% 6%
Social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) 8% 7% 2% 0%
Forums/discussion boards (e.g. Reddit) 2% 3% 1% 0%
AI powered chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT) 1% 3% 1% 0%
I’m not a parent 43% 22% 26% 19%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Doctor or pediatrician 34% 42% 39% 40%
Friends or family 22% 16% 20% 17%
Search engines (e.g. Google) 8% 10% 8% 11%
Social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) 6% 3% 6% 3%
Forums/discussion boards (e.g. Reddit) 2% 1% 2% 1%
AI powered chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT) 1% 2% 1% 2%
I’m not a parent 27% 26% 24% 26%

Gender

Response Male Female
Doctor or pediatrician 40% 39%
Friends or family 19% 17%
Search engines (e.g. Google) 6% 12%
Social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) 5% 4%
Forums/discussion boards (e.g. Reddit) 1% 2%
AI powered chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT) 3% 0%
I’m not a parent 25% 26%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Doctor or pediatrician 39% 37% 41%
Friends or family 21% 17% 16%
Search engines (e.g. Google) 9% 9% 9%
Social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) 6% 2% 5%
Forums/discussion boards (e.g. Reddit) 1% 2% 1%
AI powered chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT) 2% 1% 1%
I’m not a parent 22% 31% 27%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Doctor or pediatrician 42% 36% 38%
Friends or family 15% 14% 24%
Search engines (e.g. Google) 8% 7% 12%
Social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) 3% 5% 5%
Forums/discussion boards (e.g. Reddit) 2% 1% 1%
AI powered chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT) 1% 3% 1%
I’m not a parent 29% 34% 19%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Doctor or pediatrician 40% 35% 47% 31%
Friends or family 19% 20% 12% 18%
Search engines (e.g. Google) 10% 8% 8% 8%
Social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) 4% 5% 6% 1%
Forums/discussion boards (e.g. Reddit) 1% 2% 3% 2%
AI powered chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT) 1% 2% 2% 4%
I’m not a parent 25% 28% 21% 35%

14 Parent Information Search Topics (Last 3 Months)

Note: Question was only shown to respondents who did not select “I’m not a parent” in the previous question.

As a parent, over the past three months, have you searched for information about the following topics related to your child(ren). Select all that apply. (N = 755)
Item Selected
Mental health 20%
Food or eating issues (including allergies) 19%
Managing bad or inappropriate behavior 17%
Screentime 13%
Vaccines 12%
Being bullied 8%
None of the above 40%
I’m not a parent 16%

14.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Food or eating issues (including allergies) 19% 28% 16% 8%
Mental health 24% 29% 17% 9%
Vaccines 18% 13% 10% 7%
Managing bad or inappropriate behavior 17% 26% 13% 6%
Screentime 20% 17% 9% 7%
Being bullied 9% 13% 5% 5%
None of the above 14% 26% 51% 66%
I’m not a parent 35% 15% 12% 10%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Food or eating issues (including allergies) 18% 18% 24% 20%
Mental health 20% 21% 20% 21%
Vaccines 12% 13% 8% 8%
Managing bad or inappropriate behavior 16% 15% 21% 20%
Screentime 10% 14% 12% 17%
Being bullied 7% 11% 4% 8%
None of the above 43% 35% 47% 41%
I’m not a parent 15% 20% 8% 14%

Gender

Response Male Female
Food or eating issues (including allergies) 15% 22%
Mental health 18% 22%
Vaccines 13% 10%
Managing bad or inappropriate behavior 14% 19%
Screentime 12% 13%
Being bullied 7% 10%
None of the above 40% 41%
I’m not a parent 21% 12%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Food or eating issues (including allergies) 18% 11% 25%
Mental health 18% 24% 21%
Vaccines 12% 10% 12%
Managing bad or inappropriate behavior 14% 18% 18%
Screentime 11% 9% 17%
Being bullied 11% 8% 6%
None of the above 40% 46% 37%
I’m not a parent 18% 17% 13%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Food or eating issues (including allergies) 23% 14% 17%
Mental health 26% 15% 18%
Vaccines 14% 11% 10%
Managing bad or inappropriate behavior 20% 13% 15%
Screentime 14% 11% 12%
Being bullied 12% 6% 6%
None of the above 36% 42% 43%
I’m not a parent 15% 18% 16%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Food or eating issues (including allergies) 16% 32% 16% 27%
Mental health 15% 29% 26% 32%
Vaccines 8% 16% 15% 24%
Managing bad or inappropriate behavior 14% 19% 22% 19%
Screentime 10% 10% 18% 25%
Being bullied 5% 15% 13% 13%
None of the above 49% 26% 29% 22%
I’m not a parent 15% 17% 16% 21%

15 Perception of Generative AI as a ‘Neutral’ Tool

Would you describe generative AI (such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude.ai, etc.) as a “neutral” tool? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Yes, it is a neutral tool. It all depends on how it is used. 35%
No, it is not neutral. Independent of how it is used, it comes with a set of assumptions that do not make it neutral. 39%
I am unsure. 26%

15.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Yes, it is a neutral tool. It all depends on how it is used. 39% 44% 31% 24%
No, it is not neutral. Independent of how it is used, it comes with a set of assumptions that do not make it neutral. 42% 34% 37% 44%
I am unsure. 19% 22% 32% 32%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Yes, it is a neutral tool. It all depends on how it is used. 37% 37% 33% 25%
No, it is not neutral. Independent of how it is used, it comes with a set of assumptions that do not make it neutral. 28% 37% 47% 60%
I am unsure. 35% 25% 20% 15%

Gender

Response Male Female
Yes, it is a neutral tool. It all depends on how it is used. 39% 32%
No, it is not neutral. Independent of how it is used, it comes with a set of assumptions that do not make it neutral. 40% 37%
I am unsure. 21% 31%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Yes, it is a neutral tool. It all depends on how it is used. 43% 32% 31%
No, it is not neutral. Independent of how it is used, it comes with a set of assumptions that do not make it neutral. 26% 39% 52%
I am unsure. 31% 30% 17%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Yes, it is a neutral tool. It all depends on how it is used. 37% 31% 36%
No, it is not neutral. Independent of how it is used, it comes with a set of assumptions that do not make it neutral. 41% 35% 39%
I am unsure. 23% 34% 25%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Yes, it is a neutral tool. It all depends on how it is used. 32% 40% 40% 42%
No, it is not neutral. Independent of how it is used, it comes with a set of assumptions that do not make it neutral. 42% 30% 38% 34%
I am unsure. 26% 30% 22% 24%

16 Interest Areas for Co-Working Coffee Shops

If you were interested in co-working coffee shops, which of the following things would you be most interested in? Select all that apply. (N = 1,000)
Item Selected
Location 43%
Food price 38%
Loyalty points program 26%
Co-working area 21%
Office resources 12%
Plug-ins 11%
Not interested at all 17%
I’m not currently working 20%

16.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Location 46% 50% 43% 28%
Food price 46% 46% 39% 20%
Plug-ins 12% 13% 13% 7%
Co-working area 23% 26% 21% 12%
Office resources 13% 16% 10% 7%
Loyalty points program 34% 30% 24% 15%
Not interested at all 16% 12% 24% 18%
I’m not currently working 13% 8% 18% 44%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Location 35% 48% 42% 42%
Food price 35% 43% 36% 32%
Plug-ins 8% 14% 8% 13%
Co-working area 17% 22% 25% 22%
Office resources 7% 12% 14% 20%
Loyalty points program 18% 33% 25% 18%
Not interested at all 17% 14% 15% 31%
I’m not currently working 26% 17% 20% 13%

Gender

Response Male Female
Location 41% 45%
Food price 39% 37%
Plug-ins 12% 11%
Co-working area 22% 20%
Office resources 14% 9%
Loyalty points program 24% 27%
Not interested at all 17% 17%
I’m not currently working 17% 22%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Location 41% 40% 47%
Food price 40% 35% 39%
Plug-ins 7% 9% 17%
Co-working area 18% 19% 25%
Office resources 8% 10% 17%
Loyalty points program 27% 24% 26%
Not interested at all 16% 16% 18%
I’m not currently working 20% 27% 15%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Location 43% 36% 46%
Food price 39% 33% 41%
Plug-ins 14% 7% 11%
Co-working area 23% 19% 20%
Office resources 13% 12% 10%
Loyalty points program 24% 28% 26%
Not interested at all 16% 20% 16%
I’m not currently working 20% 19% 20%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Location 43% 33% 45% 49%
Food price 34% 43% 45% 42%
Plug-ins 12% 6% 14% 12%
Co-working area 21% 18% 23% 24%
Office resources 12% 12% 9% 16%
Loyalty points program 23% 25% 31% 34%
Not interested at all 16% 22% 12% 22%
I’m not currently working 24% 18% 16% 7%

18 Experiment: Frequency of AI Tool Usage for Health Information in the Past Year

Wording A

In the past year, how often have you used an artificial intelligence tool (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude) to get health-related information? (N = 490)
Response Percent
Never 48%
Once or twice 21%
Once or twice a month 16%
Once or twice a week 7%
Many times a week 6%
Every day 3%

Wording B

In the past year, how often have you used a large language model (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude) to get health-related information? (N = 510)
Response Percent
Never 51%
Once or twice 20%
Once or twice a month 12%
Once or twice a week 9%
Many times a week 5%
Every day 3%

18.1 Crosstabs

Note: Differential treatment effects may not be statistically significant. Researchers are provided with raw data to explore findings.

Wording A Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Never 38% 33% 55% 69%
Once or twice 21% 24% 25% 11%
Once or twice a month 23% 23% 10% 9%
Once or twice a week 3% 10% 6% 6%
Many times a week 10% 8% 3% 2%
Every day 5% 3% 1% 3%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Never 49% 42% 50% 59%
Once or twice 20% 22% 18% 21%
Once or twice a month 17% 15% 17% 18%
Once or twice a week 3% 10% 8% 1%
Many times a week 6% 8% 4% 0%
Every day 5% 3% 2% 0%

Gender

Response Male Female
Never 48% 47%
Once or twice 18% 23%
Once or twice a month 22% 11%
Once or twice a week 5% 8%
Many times a week 5% 7%
Every day 2% 4%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Never 49% 49% 45%
Once or twice 16% 26% 23%
Once or twice a month 17% 11% 18%
Once or twice a week 5% 8% 8%
Many times a week 9% 3% 4%
Every day 3% 2% 3%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Never 51% 43% 46%
Once or twice 19% 22% 22%
Once or twice a month 14% 13% 21%
Once or twice a week 9% 9% 3%
Many times a week 5% 9% 5%
Every day 2% 4% 3%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Never 52% 41% 40% 43%
Once or twice 19% 27% 21% 23%
Once or twice a month 16% 17% 21% 10%
Once or twice a week 6% 7% 9% 8%
Many times a week 5% 6% 5% 10%
Every day 2% 2% 3% 8%

Wording B Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Never 43% 39% 52% 73%
Once or twice 16% 23% 24% 17%
Once or twice a month 19% 18% 8% 2%
Once or twice a week 8% 11% 9% 5%
Many times a week 8% 7% 3% 1%
Every day 6% 3% 2% 2%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Never 60% 44% 54% 52%
Once or twice 15% 23% 20% 19%
Once or twice a month 11% 14% 12% 9%
Once or twice a week 7% 8% 9% 14%
Many times a week 5% 6% 1% 6%
Every day 3% 4% 4% 0%

Gender

Response Male Female
Never 47% 54%
Once or twice 22% 19%
Once or twice a month 11% 13%
Once or twice a week 8% 9%
Many times a week 7% 3%
Every day 5% 2%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Never 51% 53% 49%
Once or twice 17% 17% 27%
Once or twice a month 10% 16% 12%
Once or twice a week 11% 7% 7%
Many times a week 5% 6% 4%
Every day 5% 2% 1%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Never 50% 56% 49%
Once or twice 20% 18% 21%
Once or twice a month 18% 6% 10%
Once or twice a week 5% 11% 11%
Many times a week 6% 2% 5%
Every day 1% 7% 3%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Never 55% 53% 42% 39%
Once or twice 22% 20% 18% 16%
Once or twice a month 11% 4% 20% 18%
Once or twice a week 6% 13% 10% 15%
Many times a week 4% 7% 7% 4%
Every day 2% 3% 3% 9%

19 Characteristics of Media Perceived as Trauma-Based

What characteristics of media do you consider to be trauma-based or traumatic? Select all that apply. (N = 1,000)
Item Selected
Media that focuses on violence 51%
Media that makes me have negative psychological reaction(s) 36%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that I have experienced (e.g., violence, emotional distress) 30%
Media that makes me have a negative physical reaction(s) 28%
Media that focuses on injustices of adverse event(s) 25%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that can be tied to my identity (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, social position) 21%
Media that focuses on people’s narratives or testimonies of adverse event(s) 19%
None of the above 20%

19.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Media that focuses on violence 43% 44% 58% 60%
Media that focuses on people’s narratives or testimonies of adverse event(s) 13% 21% 20% 20%
Media that focuses on injustices of adverse event(s) 23% 27% 24% 26%
Media that makes me have negative psychological reaction(s) 42% 37% 34% 30%
Media that makes me have a negative physical reaction(s) 38% 26% 28% 22%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that I have experienced (e.g., violence, emotional distress) 42% 29% 28% 23%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that can be tied to my identity (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, social position) 27% 20% 18% 21%
None of the above 15% 23% 19% 20%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Media that focuses on violence 50% 54% 42% 51%
Media that focuses on people’s narratives or testimonies of adverse event(s) 17% 17% 25% 22%
Media that focuses on injustices of adverse event(s) 27% 24% 27% 22%
Media that makes me have negative psychological reaction(s) 34% 41% 29% 30%
Media that makes me have a negative physical reaction(s) 25% 32% 21% 28%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that I have experienced (e.g., violence, emotional distress) 30% 33% 24% 28%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that can be tied to my identity (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, social position) 22% 19% 20% 32%
None of the above 21% 19% 25% 17%

Gender

Response Male Female
Media that focuses on violence 52% 50%
Media that focuses on people’s narratives or testimonies of adverse event(s) 21% 18%
Media that focuses on injustices of adverse event(s) 27% 24%
Media that makes me have negative psychological reaction(s) 33% 38%
Media that makes me have a negative physical reaction(s) 25% 30%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that I have experienced (e.g., violence, emotional distress) 28% 32%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that can be tied to my identity (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, social position) 21% 21%
None of the above 18% 22%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Media that focuses on violence 50% 48% 54%
Media that focuses on people’s narratives or testimonies of adverse event(s) 17% 15% 24%
Media that focuses on injustices of adverse event(s) 26% 17% 31%
Media that makes me have negative psychological reaction(s) 36% 36% 35%
Media that makes me have a negative physical reaction(s) 30% 29% 24%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that I have experienced (e.g., violence, emotional distress) 32% 30% 28%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that can be tied to my identity (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, social position) 19% 23% 22%
None of the above 19% 22% 20%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Media that focuses on violence 54% 47% 50%
Media that focuses on people’s narratives or testimonies of adverse event(s) 16% 17% 23%
Media that focuses on injustices of adverse event(s) 26% 23% 26%
Media that makes me have negative psychological reaction(s) 39% 29% 36%
Media that makes me have a negative physical reaction(s) 31% 27% 25%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that I have experienced (e.g., violence, emotional distress) 31% 29% 30%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that can be tied to my identity (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, social position) 25% 22% 17%
None of the above 18% 27% 19%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Media that focuses on violence 53% 49% 52% 41%
Media that focuses on people’s narratives or testimonies of adverse event(s) 20% 17% 18% 20%
Media that focuses on injustices of adverse event(s) 24% 31% 24% 29%
Media that makes me have negative psychological reaction(s) 32% 37% 42% 44%
Media that makes me have a negative physical reaction(s) 25% 35% 30% 32%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that I have experienced (e.g., violence, emotional distress) 27% 30% 33% 41%
Media that makes me think of adverse event(s) that can be tied to my identity (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, social position) 18% 26% 21% 35%
None of the above 23% 17% 16% 13%

20 Experiment: Preference for Certainty vs. Uncertainty

Wording A

Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement:

I prefer situations in which outcomes are certain rather than uncertain. (N = 490)
Response Percent
Strongly Agree 20%
Agree 35%
Somewhat Agree 18%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 18%
Somewhat Disagree 4%
Disagree 3%
Strongly Disagree 1%

Wording B

Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement:

I prefer situations in which outcomes are uncertain rather than certain. (N = 510)
Response Percent
Strongly Agree 1%
Agree 6%
Somewhat Agree 9%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 28%
Somewhat Disagree 15%
Disagree 25%
Strongly Disagree 15%

20.1 Crosstabs

Note: Differential treatment effects may not be statistically significant. Researchers are provided with raw data to explore findings.

Wording A Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Strongly Agree 22% 20% 20% 18%
Agree 39% 33% 34% 37%
Somewhat Agree 17% 22% 18% 12%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 12% 18% 19% 25%
Somewhat Disagree 5% 2% 8% 4%
Disagree 4% 2% 1% 4%
Strongly Disagree 3% 2% 0% 1%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Strongly Agree 26% 17% 9% 27%
Agree 35% 38% 34% 31%
Somewhat Agree 17% 14% 32% 18%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 17% 21% 18% 15%
Somewhat Disagree 3% 5% 4% 7%
Disagree 2% 3% 3% 2%
Strongly Disagree 0% 3% 0% 0%

Gender

Response Male Female
Strongly Agree 20% 19%
Agree 35% 36%
Somewhat Agree 17% 18%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 18% 19%
Somewhat Disagree 5% 4%
Disagree 3% 2%
Strongly Disagree 2% 0%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Strongly Agree 20% 25% 16%
Agree 37% 39% 32%
Somewhat Agree 13% 16% 24%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 21% 18% 17%
Somewhat Disagree 2% 1% 8%
Disagree 3% 0% 3%
Strongly Disagree 3% 1% 0%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Strongly Agree 23% 14% 20%
Agree 33% 35% 39%
Somewhat Agree 19% 11% 21%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 18% 34% 10%
Somewhat Disagree 4% 3% 5%
Disagree 4% 2% 2%
Strongly Disagree 0% 1% 3%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Strongly Agree 17% 22% 33% 12%
Agree 34% 43% 36% 32%
Somewhat Agree 23% 11% 9% 13%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 17% 21% 20% 26%
Somewhat Disagree 5% 2% 3% 11%
Disagree 3% 1% 0% 7%
Strongly Disagree 2% 0% 0% 0%

Wording B Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Strongly Agree 3% 0% 3% 0%
Agree 9% 6% 6% 5%
Somewhat Agree 8% 13% 5% 6%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 31% 28% 35% 22%
Somewhat Disagree 11% 18% 10% 19%
Disagree 21% 19% 28% 33%
Strongly Disagree 16% 16% 14% 14%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Strongly Agree 2% 1% 1% 3%
Agree 5% 8% 4% 8%
Somewhat Agree 12% 7% 4% 13%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 33% 29% 26% 13%
Somewhat Disagree 11% 16% 21% 14%
Disagree 19% 27% 27% 29%
Strongly Disagree 17% 12% 17% 21%

Gender

Response Male Female
Strongly Agree 2% 1%
Agree 9% 3%
Somewhat Agree 12% 6%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 27% 31%
Somewhat Disagree 11% 18%
Disagree 23% 27%
Strongly Disagree 16% 14%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Strongly Agree 3% 1% 1%
Agree 6% 4% 8%
Somewhat Agree 10% 9% 7%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 39% 26% 20%
Somewhat Disagree 11% 15% 19%
Disagree 13% 32% 32%
Strongly Disagree 18% 14% 13%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Strongly Agree 1% 1% 2%
Agree 9% 2% 6%
Somewhat Agree 9% 6% 10%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 23% 47% 24%
Somewhat Disagree 14% 9% 19%
Disagree 29% 21% 23%
Strongly Disagree 15% 15% 16%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Strongly Agree 1% 6% 0% 0%
Agree 6% 16% 5% 0%
Somewhat Agree 8% 8% 12% 10%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 25% 28% 33% 37%
Somewhat Disagree 16% 5% 15% 18%
Disagree 29% 23% 21% 14%
Strongly Disagree 14% 14% 14% 21%

21 Findings on the True American Dessert

What is the true American dessert? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Apple Pie 79%
Ice Cream 10%
Chocolate Cake 4%
Pecan Pie 4%
Key Lime Pie 2%
Vanilla Cake 1%

21.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Apple Pie 67% 78% 85% 86%
Ice Cream 13% 12% 8% 8%
Chocolate Cake 6% 3% 3% 3%
Pecan Pie 6% 3% 3% 2%
Key Lime Pie 4% 2% 1% 1%
Vanilla Cake 4% 2% 0% 0%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Apple Pie 76% 82% 78% 79%
Ice Cream 11% 6% 16% 16%
Chocolate Cake 5% 4% 1% 2%
Pecan Pie 4% 4% 2% 1%
Key Lime Pie 1% 3% 3% 1%
Vanilla Cake 2% 2% 0% 0%

Gender

Response Male Female
Apple Pie 76% 82%
Ice Cream 10% 10%
Chocolate Cake 4% 4%
Pecan Pie 4% 3%
Key Lime Pie 3% 1%
Vanilla Cake 3% 0%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Apple Pie 76% 80% 83%
Ice Cream 8% 11% 12%
Chocolate Cake 7% 3% 1%
Pecan Pie 5% 4% 2%
Key Lime Pie 2% 2% 2%
Vanilla Cake 3% 1% 0%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Apple Pie 81% 72% 82%
Ice Cream 9% 12% 10%
Chocolate Cake 3% 7% 2%
Pecan Pie 3% 5% 4%
Key Lime Pie 2% 3% 1%
Vanilla Cake 2% 1% 1%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Apple Pie 83% 77% 70% 78%
Ice Cream 11% 10% 11% 7%
Chocolate Cake 3% 5% 5% 6%
Pecan Pie 2% 2% 7% 7%
Key Lime Pie 1% 1% 6% 1%
Vanilla Cake 1% 4% 2% 1%

22 Perceptions of Moral Emphasis by Opposition Party

How much do you think the OPPOSING political party (the party you did not, or would not, vote for in the last US elections) emphasizes moral considerations in their political messaging and behavior? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
Not at all focused on morality 49%
Somewhat focused on morality 30%
Focused on morality 14%
Strongly focused on morality 8%

22.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Not at all focused on morality 32% 43% 57% 64%
Somewhat focused on morality 43% 33% 23% 19%
Focused on morality 17% 15% 12% 10%
Strongly focused on morality 7% 9% 7% 7%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Not at all focused on morality 49% 51% 46% 44%
Somewhat focused on morality 30% 29% 28% 32%
Focused on morality 13% 14% 16% 11%
Strongly focused on morality 8% 6% 10% 12%

Gender

Response Male Female
Not at all focused on morality 51% 48%
Somewhat focused on morality 27% 31%
Focused on morality 14% 13%
Strongly focused on morality 8% 8%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Not at all focused on morality 51% 50% 47%
Somewhat focused on morality 30% 26% 32%
Focused on morality 14% 17% 10%
Strongly focused on morality 5% 7% 11%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Not at all focused on morality 47% 42% 56%
Somewhat focused on morality 24% 36% 31%
Focused on morality 16% 18% 8%
Strongly focused on morality 12% 5% 5%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Not at all focused on morality 55% 39% 34% 56%
Somewhat focused on morality 28% 34% 34% 24%
Focused on morality 10% 18% 27% 8%
Strongly focused on morality 8% 10% 5% 12%

23 Gender Identity Responses

What is your gender identity? Select all that apply. (N = 1,000)
Item Selected
Cisgender Woman (Identify as woman, assigned female sex at birth) 51%
Cisgender Man (Identify as man, assigned male sex at birth) 45%
Nonbinary 4%
Genderqueer or otherwise Gender Nonconforming 2%
Transgender Man 1%
Genderfluid 1%
Transgender Woman 1%

23.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Cisgender Woman (Identify as woman, assigned female sex at birth) 49% 50% 54% 49%
Cisgender Man (Identify as man, assigned male sex at birth) 41% 45% 43% 50%
Nonbinary 4% 6% 3% 1%
Genderqueer or otherwise Gender Nonconforming 4% 2% 0% 0%
Transgender Man 3% 0% 0% 0%
Transgender Woman 1% 1% 0% 0%
Genderfluid 0% 2% 0% 1%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
Cisgender Woman (Identify as woman, assigned female sex at birth) 57% 49% 46% 46%
Cisgender Man (Identify as man, assigned male sex at birth) 36% 47% 48% 51%
Nonbinary 6% 3% 2% 3%
Genderqueer or otherwise Gender Nonconforming 2% 1% 3% 3%
Genderfluid 1% 0% 0% 3%
Transgender Man 1% 0% 1% 3%
Transgender Woman 0% 1% 0% 3%

Gender

Response Male Female
Cisgender Man (Identify as man, assigned male sex at birth) 93% 1%
Nonbinary 3% 3%
Cisgender Woman (Identify as woman, assigned female sex at birth) 2% 96%
Genderqueer or otherwise Gender Nonconforming 2% 1%
Transgender Man 2% 0%
Transgender Woman 1% 0%
Genderfluid 1% 1%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
Cisgender Woman (Identify as woman, assigned female sex at birth) 54% 58% 42%
Cisgender Man (Identify as man, assigned male sex at birth) 41% 37% 54%
Nonbinary 5% 1% 4%
Genderqueer or otherwise Gender Nonconforming 1% 4% 1%
Transgender Man 0% 2% 0%
Genderfluid 0% 0% 1%
Transgender Woman 0% 1% 1%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
Cisgender Woman (Identify as woman, assigned female sex at birth) 55% 47% 47%
Cisgender Man (Identify as man, assigned male sex at birth) 39% 45% 51%
Nonbinary 4% 8% 1%
Genderqueer or otherwise Gender Nonconforming 3% 2% 0%
Transgender Man 1% 1% 0%
Transgender Woman 0% 0% 1%
Genderfluid 0% 1% 1%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
Cisgender Woman (Identify as woman, assigned female sex at birth) 51% 55% 49% 44%
Cisgender Man (Identify as man, assigned male sex at birth) 47% 38% 43% 42%
Nonbinary 1% 6% 7% 8%
Transgender Woman 1% 0% 0% 1%
Genderfluid 1% 0% 0% 2%
Genderqueer or otherwise Gender Nonconforming 1% 0% 4% 6%
Transgender Man 0% 2% 2% 1%

24 Understanding of Hashtags

I understand what a hashtag is. (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
5- full understanding 69%
4 14%
3 10%
2 3%
1 - Zero understanding 3%

24.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
5- full understanding 87% 77% 65% 45%
4 8% 13% 14% 22%
3 4% 8% 14% 16%
2 0% 1% 4% 10%
1 - Zero understanding 1% 2% 3% 7%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
5- full understanding 62% 72% 63% 79%
4 14% 14% 18% 13%
3 12% 9% 15% 4%
2 6% 3% 2% 3%
1 - Zero understanding 6% 2% 3% 3%

Gender

Response Male Female
5- full understanding 69% 68%
4 15% 14%
3 10% 10%
2 3% 4%
1 - Zero understanding 3% 4%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
5- full understanding 65% 69% 73%
4 14% 13% 16%
3 11% 11% 9%
2 5% 4% 2%
1 - Zero understanding 5% 3% 1%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
5- full understanding 72% 71% 64%
4 13% 12% 17%
3 9% 11% 11%
2 3% 2% 4%
1 - Zero understanding 3% 3% 4%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
5- full understanding 65% 70% 78% 74%
4 17% 6% 11% 15%
3 11% 11% 7% 8%
2 4% 4% 2% 2%
1 - Zero understanding 3% 8% 2% 1%

25 Comparing Morality: State Ethics vs. Societal Behavior Principles

To what extent should the morality between states (defined by conceptions of right and wrong) follow moral principles that govern people’s behaviors in society? (N = 1,000)
Response Percent
They should be totally the same 25%
They should be somewhat the same 58%
They should be somewhat different 13%
They should be totally different 4%

25.1 Crosstabs

Age

Response 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
They should be totally the same 19% 20% 32% 31%
They should be somewhat the same 64% 58% 52% 58%
They should be somewhat different 14% 17% 12% 8%
They should be totally different 3% 5% 5% 3%

Income

Response < $50,000 $50,000-$99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 > $150,000
They should be totally the same 27% 25% 20% 27%
They should be somewhat the same 55% 59% 58% 61%
They should be somewhat different 13% 12% 19% 9%
They should be totally different 6% 4% 3% 2%

Gender

Response Male Female
They should be totally the same 28% 23%
They should be somewhat the same 56% 60%
They should be somewhat different 12% 13%
They should be totally different 4% 4%

Education

Response HS or less Some college/2-yr degree 4-yr/post-graduate degree
They should be totally the same 27% 25% 23%
They should be somewhat the same 55% 57% 61%
They should be somewhat different 12% 15% 13%
They should be totally different 6% 3% 3%

Party ID

Response Dem/lean Dem Ind Rep/lean Rep
They should be totally the same 24% 20% 29%
They should be somewhat the same 59% 59% 56%
They should be somewhat different 13% 15% 11%
They should be totally different 4% 5% 4%

Race/Ethnicity

Response White Black Hispanic Other
They should be totally the same 26% 24% 18% 31%
They should be somewhat the same 59% 49% 64% 50%
They should be somewhat different 11% 18% 13% 17%
They should be totally different 4% 8% 5% 3%

26 Survey Details

Verasight collected data for this survey from June 25 - June 30, 2025. The sample consists of 1,000 United States adults.

The sampling criteria for this survey were:

  1. U.S. adult (age 18+)

The selection criteria for the final sample were:

  1. Passed all data quality assurance checks, outlined below

The data are weighted to match the May 2025 Current Population Survey on age, race/ethnicity, sex, income, education, region, and metropolitan status. Verasight also weighted the survey to match Pew Research Center NPORS benchmarking survey social media use distributions, as well as to a running three-year average of NPORS partisanship distributions and population benchmarks of 2024 vote. The margin of sampling error, which accounts for the design effect and is calculated using the classical random sampling formula, is +/- 3.8%.

All respondents were recruited from the Verasight Community, which is composed of individuals recruited via random address-based sampling, random person-to-person text messaging, and dynamic online targeting. All Verasight community members are verified via multi-step authentication, including providing an SMS response from a mobile phone registered with a major U.S. carrier (e.g., no VOIP or internet phones) as well as within-survey technology, including verifying the absence of non-human responses with technologies such as Google reCAPTCHA v3. Those who exhibit low-quality response behaviors over time, such as straight-lining or speeding, are also removed and prohibited from further participation in the community. Verasight Community members receive points for taking surveys that can be redeemed for Venmo or PayPal payments, gift cards, or charitable donations. Respondents are never routed from one survey to another and receive compensation for every invited survey, so there is never an incentive to respond strategically to survey qualification screener questions.
To further ensure data quality, the Verasight data team implements a number of post-data collection quality assurance procedures, including confirming that all responses correspond with U.S. IP addresses, confirming no duplicate respondents, verifying the absence of non-human responses, and removing any respondents who failed in-survey attention, speeding, and/or straight-lining checks. Respondents that completed the survey in less than 30% of the median completion time were removed.

Unmeasured error in this or any other survey may exist. Verasight is a member of the American Association for Public Opinion Research Transparency Initiative.

 
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